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Compressed air, nitrogen, argon, hydrogen and oxygen, or blends of two or three of these components are the most popular plasma gases for plasma cutting.
Choosing the right gas or combination in a blended gas depends upon the metal being cut, the equipment used and the desired performance in the cutting process.
For materials up to one half inch, compressed air works relatively well at a very low cost. When cutting thicker materials, metal chemistry and thickness require a specific choice of plasma gas to ensure optimum performance.
Color changes are a result of the chemical reaction between the metal and the plasma gas that is used.
Plasma Gas Selection Guide
| Plasma Gas | Shield Gas | Mild Steel | Stainless Steel | Aluminum |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Air | Air | Good cut quality Economical | Good cut quality and speed Economical | Good cut quality and speed Economical |
| Oxygen | Air | Excellent cut quality and speed Very little dross | Not recommended | Not recommended |
| Nitrogen | Carbon Dioxide | Fair cut quality Some dross Excellent parts life | Good cut quality Excellent parts life | Excellent cut quality Excellent parts life |
| Nitrogen | Air | Fair cut quality Some dross Excellent parts life | Good cut quality Excellent parts life | Good cut quality Excellent parts life |
| Nitrogen | Water | Fair cut quality Some dross Excellent parts life | Excellent cut quality Excellent parts life | Excellent cut quality Excellent parts life |
| Argon Hydrogen | Nitrogen | Not recommended | Excellent on thicknesses above 1/2″ | Excellent on thicknesses above 1/2″ |
